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PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
Rev. 07 -- 25 February 2009 Product data sheet
1. General description
The PCF8566 is a peripheral device which interfaces to almost any Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) with low multiplex rates. It generates the drive signals for any static or multiplexed LCD containing up to four backplanes and up to 24 segments and can easily be cascaded for larger LCD applications. The PCF8566 is compatible with most microprocessors or microcontrollers and communicates via a two-line bidirectional I2C-bus. Communication overheads are minimized by a display RAM with auto-incremented addressing, by hardware subaddressing and by display memory switching (static and duplex drive modes).
2. Features
I Single-chip LCD controller/driver I 24 segment drives: N Up to twelve 7-segment numeric characters including decimal pointer N Up to six 14-segment alphanumeric characters N Any graphics of up to 96 elements I Versatile blinking modes I No external components required (even in multiple device applications) I Selectable backplane drive configuration: static or 2, 3, 4 backplane multiplexing I Selectable display bias configuration: static, 12 or 13 I Internal LCD bias generation with voltage-follower buffers I 24 x 4-bit RAM for display data storage I Auto-incremented display data loading across device subaddress boundaries I Display memory bank switching in static and duplex drive modes I LCD and logic supplies may be separated I 2.5 V to 6 V power supply range I Low power consumption I Power-saving mode for extremely low power consumption in battery-operated and telephone applications I I2C-bus interface I TTL and CMOS compatible I Compatible with any 4, 8 or 16-bit microprocessor or microcontroller I May be cascaded for large LCD applications (up to 1536 segments possible) I Cascadable with 40-segment LCD driver PCF8576C I Optimized pinning for plane wiring in both and multiple PCF8566 applications I Space-saving 40-lead plastic very small outline package (VSO40; SOT158-1) I Manufactured in silicon gate CMOS process
NXP Semiconductors
PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
3. Ordering information
Table 1. Ordering information Package Name PCF8566P PCF8566T PCF8566TS[1] PCF8566U[2]
[1] [2]
Type number
Description plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads (600 mil) plastic very small outline package; 40 leads plastic very small outline package; 40 leads wire bond die; 40 bonding pads; 2.5 x 2.91 x 0.381 mm
Version SOT129-1 SOT158-1 SOT158-1 PCF8566U
DIP40 VSO40 VSO40 PCF8566U
Dark-green version. Chip in tray for chip on board.
4. Marking
Table 2. PCF8566P PCF8566T PCF8566TS PCF8566U Marking codes Marking code PCF8566P PCF8566T PCF8566TS PC8566-1 Type number
PCF8566_7
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Product data sheet
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PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
5. Block diagram
BP0 BP2 BP1 BP3 13 VDD 5 R 14 15 16 S0 to S23 17 to 40 DISPLAY SEGMENT OUTPUTS
BACKPLANE OUTPUTS
R
LCD VOLTAGE SELECTOR
DISPLAY LATCH
R VLCD 12
LCD BIAS GENERATOR
SHIFT REGISTER
CLK SYNC
4 3 TIMING BLINKER
PCF8566
INPUT BANK SELECTOR DISPLAY CONTROLLER DISPLAY RAM 24 x 4 BITS OUTPUT BANK SELECTOR
OSC
6
OSCILLATOR
POWERON RESET COMMAND DECODER
DATA POINTER
VSS SCL SDA
11 2 1 INPUT FILTERS I2C-BUS CONTROLLER 10 SA0
SUBADDRESS COUNTER 7 A0 8 A1 9 A2
mgg383
Fig 1. Block diagram of PCF8566
PCF8566_7
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Product data sheet
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NXP Semiconductors
PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
6. Pinning information
6.1 Pinning
SDA SCL SYNC CLK VDD OSC A0 A1 A2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
40 S23 39 S22 38 S21 37 S20 36 S19 35 S18 34 S17 33 S16 32 S15 31 S14 30 S13 29 S12 28 S11 27 S10 26 S9 25 S8 24 S7 23 S6 22 S5 21 S4
001aai338
SA0 10 VSS 11 VLCD 12 BP0 13 BP2 14 BP1 15 BP3 16 S0 17 S1 18 S2 19 S3 20
PCF8566
Fig 2. Pin configuration for PCF8566
PCF8566_7
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Product data sheet
Rev. 07 -- 25 February 2009
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NXP Semiconductors
PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
S8
S7
S6
25
24
23
22
S5
21
20
19
18
17
16 15 BP1 BP2 BP0 VLCD
S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16 S17 S18
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 S19 37 S20 38 S21 39 S22 40 S23 1 SDA 2 SCL 3 SYNC 4 CLK
BP3 14 13 12
S2
S4
S3
S1
S0
PCF8566U
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 VDD
VSS SA0 A2 A1 A0 OSC
mbh783
Fig 3. Pin configuration for PCF8566U
6.2 Pin description
Table 3. Symbol SDA SCL SYNC CLK VDD OSC A0 A1 A2 SA0 VSS VLCD Pin description Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 I2C-bus slave address bit 0 input logic ground LCD supply voltage Description I2C-bus data input and output I2C-bus clock input and output cascade synchronization input and output external clock input and output positive supply voltage[1] oscillator select I2C-bus subaddress inputs
PCF8566_7
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Product data sheet
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NXP Semiconductors
PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
Pin description ...continued Pin 13 14 15 16 17 to 40 LCD segment outputs Description LCD backplane outputs
Table 3. Symbol BP0 BP2 BP1 BP3 S0 to S23
[1]
The substrate (rear side of the die) is wired to VDD but should not be electrically connected.
7. Functional description
The PCF8566 is a versatile peripheral device designed to interface any microprocessor or microcontroller to a wide variety of LCDs. It can directly drive any static or multiplexed LCD containing up to 4 backplanes and up to 24 segments. The display configurations possible with the PCF8566 depend on the number of active backplane outputs required. Display configuration selection is shown in Table 4. All of the display configurations given in Table 4 can be implemented in the typical system shown in Figure 4. The host microprocessor or microcontroller maintains the 2-line I2C-bus communication channel with the PCF8566. Biasing voltages for the multiplexed LCD waveforms are generated internally, removing the need for an external bias generator. The internal oscillator is selected by connecting pin OSC to VSS. The only other connections required to complete the system are the power supplies (pins VDD, VSS and VLCD) and the LCD panel selected for the application.
Table 4. Display configurations 7-segment numeric Digits 4 3 2 1 96 72 48 24 12 9 6 3 Indicator symbols 12 9 6 3 14-segment numeric Characters 6 4 3 1 Indicator symbols 12 16 6 10 96 (4 x 24) 72 (3 x 24) 48 (2 x 24) 24 Dot matrix
Backplanes Elements
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Product data sheet
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PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
VDD R
trise 2 Cbus
SDA SCL OSC 5 1 2 6 7 A0
VDD 12
VLCD 17 to 40
24 segment drives
HOST MICROPROCESSOR/ MICROCONTROLLER
LCD PANEL (up to 96 elements)
PCF8566 13 to 16 8 A1 9 A2 10 11 SA0 VSS
4 backplanes
mgg385
VSS
Fig 4. Typical system configuration
7.1 Power-on reset
At power-on the PCF8566 resets to the following starting conditions:
* * * * * * *
All backplane outputs are set to VDD All segment outputs are set to VDD Drive mode 1:4 multiplex with 13 bias is selected Blinking is switched off Input and output bank selectors are reset (as defined in Table 8) The I2C-bus interface is initialized The data pointer and the subaddress counter are cleared
Do not transfer data on the I2C-bus after a power-on for at least 1 ms to allow the reset action to complete.
7.2 LCD bias generator
The full-scale LCD voltage (Voper) is obtained from VDD - VLCD. The LCD voltage may be temperature compensated externally through the VLCD supply to pin 12. Fractional LCD biasing voltages are obtained from an internal voltage divider comprising three series resistors connected between VDD and VLCD. The center resistor can be switched out of the circuit to provide a 12 bias voltage level for the 1:2 multiplex configuration.
7.3 LCD voltage selector
The LCD voltage selector coordinates the multiplexing of the LCD in accordance with the selected LCD drive configuration. The operation of the voltage selector is controlled by mode-set commands from the command decoder. The biasing configurations that apply to the preferred modes of operation, together with the biasing characteristics as functions of VLCD and the resulting discrimination ratios (D), are given in Table 5.
PCF8566_7
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Product data sheet
Rev. 07 -- 25 February 2009
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PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
Table 5.
Preferred LCD drive modes: summary of characteristics Backplanes Bias levels 2 3 4 4 4 LCD bias configuration static
1 2 1 3 1 3 1 3
LCD drive mode Number of:
V off ( RMS ) -------------------------V LCD
0 0.354 0.333 0.333 0.333
V on ( RMS ) -----------------------V LCD
1 0.791 0.745 0.638 0.577
V on ( RMS ) D = -------------------------V off ( RMS )
2.236 2.236 1.915 1.732
static 1:2 multiplex 1:2 multiplex 1:3 multiplex 1:4 multiplex
1 2 2 3 4
A practical value for VLCD is determined by equating Voff(RMS) with a defined LCD threshold voltage (Vth), typically when the LCD exhibits approximately 10 % contrast. In the static drive mode a suitable choice is VLCD > 3Vth. Multiplex drive modes of 1:3 and 1:4 with 12 bias are possible but the discrimination and hence the contrast ratios are smaller.
1 Bias is calculated by ------------ , where the values for a are 1+a
a = 1 for 12 bias a = 2 for 13 bias The RMS on-state voltage (Von(RMS)) for the LCD is calculated with the equation
2 1 1 -- + ( n - 1 ) x ------------ - 1 + a n ----------------------------------------------------------n
V on ( RMS ) =
V LCD
(1)
where VLCD is the resultant voltage at the LCD segment and where the values for n are n = 1 for static mode n = 2 for 1:2 multiplex n = 3 for 1:3 multiplex n = 4 for 1:4 multiplex The RMS off-state voltage (Voff(RMS)) for the LCD is calculated with the equation:
V off ( RMS ) =
V LCD
a - ( 2a + n ) -------------------------------2 n x (1 + a)
2
(2)
Discrimination is the ratio of Von(RMS) to Voff(RMS) and is determined from the equation: V on ( RMS ) ----------------------- = V off ( RMS ) (a + 1) + (n - 1) ------------------------------------------2 (a - 1) + (n - 1)
2
(3)
Using Equation 3, the discrimination for an LCD drive mode of
* 1:3 multiplex with 12 bias is 3 = 1.732
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Product data sheet
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PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
* 1:4 multiplex with 12 bias is ---------- = 1.528
The advantage of these LCD drive modes is a reduction of the LCD full scale voltage VLCD as follows:
21 3
* 1:3 multiplex (12 bias): V LCD = 6 x V off ( RMS ) = 2.449V off ( RMS )
) * 1:4 multiplex (12 bias): V LCD = ( 4 x 3 - = 2.309V off ( RMS ) ---------------------
3
These compare with V LCD = 3V off ( RMS ) when 13 bias is used. It should be noted that VLCD is sometimes referred as the LCD operating voltage.
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PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
7.4 LCD drive mode waveforms
7.4.1 Static drive mode
The static LCD drive mode is used when a single backplane is provided in the LCD. Backplane and segment drive waveforms for this mode are shown in Figure 5.
Tfr VLCD BP0 VSS VLCD Sn VSS VLCD state 1 (on) state 2 (off) LCD segments
Sn+1
VSS (a) Waveforms at driver. VLCD
state 1
0V
-VLCD VLCD
state 2
0V
-VLCD (b) Resultant waveforms at LCD segment.
mgl745
Vstate1(t) = VSn(t) - VBP0(t). Von(RMS) = VLCD. Vstate2(t) = VSn+1(t) - VBP0(t). Voff(RMS) = 0 V.
Fig 5.
Static drive mode waveforms
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PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
7.4.2 1:2 Multiplex drive mode
When two backplanes are provided in the LCD, the 1:2 multiplex mode applies. The PCF8566 allows the use of 12 bias or 13 bias (see Figure 6 and Figure 7).
Tfr VLCD BP0 VLCD / 2 VSS state 1 VLCD BP1 VLCD / 2 VSS VLCD Sn VSS VLCD state 2 LCD segments
Sn+1
VSS (a) Waveforms at driver. VLCD VLCD / 2 state 1 0V -VLCD / 2 -VLCD VLCD VLCD / 2 state 2 0V -VLCD / 2 -VLCD (b) Resultant waveforms at LCD segment.
mgl746
Vstate1(t) = VSn(t) - VBP0(t). Von(RMS) = 0.791VLCD. Vstate2(t) = VSn(t) - VBP1(t). Voff(RMS) = 0.354VLCD
Fig 6.
Waveforms for the 1:2 multiplex drive mode with 12 bias
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PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
Tfr VLCD BP0 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS VLCD BP1 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS VLCD Sn 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS VLCD 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS (a) Waveforms at driver. VLCD 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 state 1 0V -VLCD / 3 -2VLCD / 3 -VLCD VLCD 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 state 2 0V -VLCD / 3 -2VLCD / 3 -VLCD (b) Resultant waveforms at LCD segment.
mgl747
LCD segments
state 1 state 2
Sn+1
Vstate1(t) = VSn(t) - VBP0(t). Von(RMS) = 0.745VLCD Vstate2(t) = VSn(t) - VBP1(t) Voff(RMS) = 0.333VLCD.
Fig 7.
Waveforms for the 1:2 multiplex drive mode with 13 bias
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PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
7.4.3 1:3 Multiplex drive mode
When three backplanes are provided in the LCD, the 1:3 multiplex drive mode applies as shown in Figure 8.
Tfr VLCD BP0 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS VLCD 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS VLCD BP2 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS VLCD Sn 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS VLCD 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS VLCD 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS (a) Waveforms at driver. VLCD 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 state 1 0V -VLCD / 3 -2VLCD / 3 -VLCD VLCD 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 state 2 0V -VLCD / 3 -2VLCD / 3 -VLCD state 1 state 2 LCD segments
BP1
Sn+1
Sn+2
(b) Resultant waveforms at LCD segment.
mgl748
Vstate1(t) = VSn(t) - VBP0(t). Von(RMS) = 0.638VLCD. Vstate2(t) = VSn(t) - VBP1(t). Voff(RMS) = 0.333VLCD.
Fig 8.
Waveforms for the 1:3 multiplex drive mode with 13 bias
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PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
7.4.4 1:4 multiplex drive mode
When four backplanes are provided in the LCD, the 1:4 multiplex drive mode applies, as shown in Figure 9.
Tfr VLCD BP0 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS VLCD BP1 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS VLCD BP2 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS VLCD 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS VLCD 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS VLCD 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS VLCD state 1 state 2 LCD segments
BP3
Sn
Sn+1
Sn+2
2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS VLCD 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3 VSS (a) Waveforms at driver. VLCD 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3
Sn+3
state 1
0V -VLCD / 3 -2VLCD / 3 -VLCD VLCD 2VLCD / 3 VLCD / 3
state 2
0V -VLCD / 3 -2VLCD / 3 -VLCD
(b) Resultant waveforms at LCD segment.
mgl749
Vstate1(t) = VSn(t) - VBP0(t). Von(RMS) = 0.577VLCD. Vstate2(t) = VSn(t) - VBP1(t). Voff(RMS) = 0.333VLCD.
Fig 9.
Waveforms for the 1:4 multiplex mode with 13 bias
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PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
7.5 Oscillator
The internal logic and the LCD drive signals of the PCF8566 are timed by the frequency fclk, which equals either the built-in oscillator frequency fosc or the external clock frequency fclk(ext). The clock frequency (fclk) determines the LCD frame frequency (ffr) and the maximum rate for data reception from the I2C-bus. To allow I2C-bus transmissions at their maximum data rate of 100 kHz, fclk should be chosen to be above 125 kHz.
7.5.1 Internal clock
The internal oscillator is enabled by connecting pin OSC to pin VSS. In this case, the output from pin CLK is the clock signal for any cascaded PCF8566s or PCF8576s in the system.
7.5.2 External clock
Connecting pin OSC to VDD enables an external clock source. Pin CLK then becomes the external clock input. Remark: A clock signal must always be supplied to the device. Removing the clock, freezes the LCD in a DC state.
7.6 Timing
The timing of the PCF8566 sequences the internal data flow of the device. This includes the transfer of display data from the display RAM to the display segment outputs. In cascaded applications, the synchronization signal (SYNC) maintains the correct timing relationship between the PCF8566s in the system. The timing also generates the LCD frame frequency which is derived as an integer division of the clock frequency (see Table 6). The frame frequency is set by the mode set commands when an internal clock is used or by the frequency applied to the pin CLK when an external clock is used.
Table 6. LCD frame frequencies [1] Frame frequency Nominal frame frequency (Hz) 69 [2] 65 [3]
PCF8566 mode normal mode
f clk f fr = -----------2880 f clk f fr = --------480
power saving mode
[1] [2] [3]
The possible values for fclk see Table 20. For fclk = 200 kHz. For fclk = 31 kHz.
The ratio between the clock frequency and the LCD frame frequency depends on the mode in which the device is operating. In the power-saving mode the reduction ratio is six times smaller; this allows the clock frequency to be reduced by a factor of six. The reduced clock frequency results in a significant reduction in power dissipation.
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PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
The lower clock frequency has the disadvantage of increasing the response time when large amounts of display data are transmitted on the I2C-bus. When a device is unable to process a display data byte before the next one arrives, it holds the SCL line LOW until the first display data byte is stored. This slows down the transmission rate of the I2C-bus but no data loss occurs.
7.7 Display register
The display register holds the display data while the corresponding multiplex signals are generated. There is a one-to-one relationship between the data in the display register, the LCD segment outputs and one column of the display RAM.
7.8 Shift register
The shift register transfers display information from the display RAM to the display register while previous data is displayed.
7.9 Segment outputs
The LCD drive section includes 24 segment outputs S0 to S23 which must be connected directly to the LCD. The segment output signals are generated based on the multiplexed backplane signals and with data resident in the display register. When less than 24 segment outputs are required, the unused segment outputs should be left open-circuit.
7.10 Backplane outputs
The LCD drive section includes four backplane outputs: BP0 to BP3. The backplane output signals are generated based on the selected LCD drive mode.
* In 1:4 multiplex drive mode: BP0 to BP3 must be connected directly to the LCD.
If less than four backplane outputs are required the unused outputs can be left as an open-circuit.
* In 1:3 multiplex drive mode: BP3 carries the same signal as BP1, therefore these two
adjacent outputs can be tied together to give enhanced drive capabilities.
* In 1:2 multiplex drive mode: BP0 and BP2, BP1 and BP3 respectively carry the same
signals and can also be paired to increase the drive capabilities.
* In static drive mode: the same signal is carried by all four backplane outputs and they
can be connected in parallel for very high drive requirements.
7.11 Display RAM
The display RAM is a static 24 x 4-bit RAM which stores LCD data. Logic 1 in the RAM bit map indicates the on-state of the corresponding LCD segment; similarly, logic 0 indicates the off-state. There is a direct relationship between the RAM addresses and the segment outputs, and between the individual bits of a RAM word and the backplane outputs. The first RAM row corresponds to the 24 segments operated with respect to backplane BP0 (see Figure 10). In multiplexed LCD applications, the segment data of rows 1 to 4 of the display RAM are time-multiplexed with BP0, BP1, BP2 and BP3 respectively.
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PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
display RAM addresses (columns)/segment outputs (S) 0 0 display RAM bits 1 (rows)/ backplane outputs 2 (BP) 3
mgg389
1
2
3
4
19
20
21
22
23
Fig 10. Display RAM bit map showing the direct relationship between display RAM addresses and segment outputs and between bits in a RAM word and backplane outputs
When display data is transmitted to the PCF8566 the display bytes received are stored in the display RAM based on the selected LCD drive mode. An example of a 7-segment numeric display illustrating the storage order for all drive modes is shown in Figure 11. The RAM storage organization applies equally to other LCD types. The following applies to Figure 11:
* Static drive mode: the eight transmitted data bits are placed in row 0 to eight
successive display RAM addresses.
* 1:2 multiplex drive mode: the eight transmitted data bits are placed in row 0 and 1 to
four successive display RAM addresses.
* 1:3 multiplex drive mode: the eight transmitted data bits are placed in row 0, 1 and 2 of
three successive addresses, with bit 2 of the third address left unchanged. This last bit can, if necessary, be controlled by an additional transfer to this address but avoid overriding adjacent data because always full bytes are transmitted.
* 1:4 multiplex drive mode: the eight transmitted data bits are placed in row 0, 1, 2 and
3 to two successive display RAM addresses.
7.12 Data pointer
The addressing mechanism for the display RAM is realized using the data pointer. This allows the loading of an individual display data byte or a series of display data bytes, into any location of the display RAM. The sequence commences with the initialization of the data pointer by the load data pointer command (see Table 13). After this, the data byte is stored starting at the display RAM address indicated by the data pointer (see Figure 11). Once each byte is stored, the data pointer is automatically incremented based on the selected LCD configuration. The contents of the data pointer are incremented as follows:
* * * *
In static drive mode by eight. In 1:2 multiplex drive mode by four. In 1:3 multiplex drive mode by three. In 1:4 multiplex drive mode by two.
If an I2C-bus data access terminates early, the state of the data pointer is unknown. Consequently, the data pointer must be rewritten prior to further RAM accesses.
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Product data sheet Rev. 07 -- 25 February 2009
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NXP Semiconductors
drive mode
LCD segments
LCD backplanes
display RAM filling order
transmitted display byte
Sn+2 Sn+3 Sn+4 static Sn+5 Sn+6 Sn 1:2 Sn+1
f e d f
a b
BP0 Sn+1 Sn bit/ BP DP 0 1 2 3
n c x x x
n1 b x x x
n2 a x x x
n3 f x x x
n4 g x x x
n5 e x x x
n6 d x x x
n7 MSB DP x x x cbaf LSB g e d DP
g c
Sn+7
BP0
a b g
n bit/ BP 0 1 2 3 a b x x
n1 f g x x
n2 e c x x
n3 d DP x x MSB abf LSB g e c d DP
multiplex
Sn+2 Sn+3 Sn+1
e d
BP1
c
DP BP0
a f g b
n Sn bit/ BP
c
n1 a d g x
n2 f e x x MSB b DP c a d g f LSB
1:3
Sn+2
multiplex
e d
BP1 DP
BP2
0 1 2 3
b DP c x
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
e
Sn 1:4
f
a b g
n BP0 BP2 bit/ BP
c
n1 f e g d
multiplex Sn+1
e d
BP1 DP
BP3
0 1 2 3
a c b DP
MSB a c b DP f
LSB egd
PCF8566
mgl751
x = data bit unchanged
18 of 48
Fig 11. Relationship between LCD layout, drive mode, display RAM filling order and display data transmitted over the I2C-bus
NXP Semiconductors
PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
7.13 Sub-address counter
The storage of display data is conditioned by the contents of the subaddress counter. Storage is allowed to take place only when the contents of the subaddress counter match with the hardware subaddress applied to A0, A1 and A2. The subaddress counter value is defined by the device select command (see Table 14 and Table 21). If the contents of the subaddress counter and the hardware subaddress do not match then data storage is blocked but the data pointer will be incremented as if data storage had taken place. The subaddress counter is also incremented when the data pointer overflows. The storage arrangements described lead to extremely efficient data loading in cascaded applications. When a series of display bytes are sent to the display RAM, automatic wrap-over to the next PCF8566 occurs when the last RAM address is exceeded. Subaddressing across device boundaries is successful even if the change to the next device in the cascade occurs within a transmitted character (such as during the 14th display data byte transmitted in 1:3 multiplex mode).
7.14 Output bank selector
The output bank selector (see Table 15), selects one of the four bits per display RAM address for transfer to the display register. The actual bit selected depends on the LCD drive mode in operation and on the instant in the multiplex sequence.
* In 1:4 multiplex mode: all RAM addresses of bit 0 are selected, followed sequentially
by the contents of bit 1, bit 2 and then bit 3.
* In 1:3 multiplex mode: bits 0, 1 and 2 are selected sequentially. * In 1:2 multiplex mode: bits 0 and 1 are selected. * In the static mode: bit 0 is selected.
The PCF8566 includes a RAM bank switching feature in the static and 1:2 multiplex drive modes. In the static drive mode, the bank select command may request the contents of bit 2 to be selected for display instead of the contents of bit 0. In 1:2 multiplex drive mode, the contents of bits 2 and 3 may be selected instead of bits 0 and 1. This enables preparation of display information in an alternative bank and the ability to switch to it once it has been assembled.
7.15 Input bank selector
The input bank selector loads display data into the display RAM based on the selected LCD drive configuration. Using the bank select command, display data can be loaded in bit 2 into static drive mode or in bits 2 and 3 into 1:2 multiplex drive mode. The input bank selector functions independently of the output bank selector.
7.16 Blinker
The display blinking capabilities of the PCF8566 are very versatile. The whole display can be blinked at frequencies selected by the blink command. The blinking frequencies are integer fractions of the clock frequency; the ratios between the clock and blinking frequencies depend on the mode in which the device is operating (see Table 7).
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Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
Blink frequencies Normal operating mode ratio Power saving mode ratio Blink frequency blinking off 2 Hz
Table 7.
Blinking mode off 1
f clk f blink = --------------92160 f clk f blink = ------------------184320 f clk f blink = ------------------368640
f elk f blink = --------------15360 f clk f blink = --------------30720 f clk f blink = --------------61440
2
1 Hz
3
0.5 Hz
An additional feature is for an arbitrary selection of LCD segments to be blinked. This applies to the static and 1:2 multiplex drive modes and can be implemented without any communication overheads. Using the output bank selector, the displayed RAM banks are exchanged with alternate RAM banks at the blinking frequency. This mode can also be specified by the blink select command. In the 1:3 and 1:4 multiplex modes, where no alternate RAM bank is available, groups of LCD segments can be blinked by selectively changing the display RAM data at fixed time intervals. If the entire display needs to be blinked at a frequency other than the nominal blinking frequency, this can be done using the mode set command to set and reset the display enable bit E at the required rate (see Table 9).
8. Basic architecture
8.1 Characteristics of the I2C-bus
The I2C-bus provides bidirectional, two-line communication between different IC or modules. The two lines are a Serial Data line (SDA) and a Serial Clock Line (SCL). When connected to the output stages of a device, both lines must be connected to a positive supply via a pull-up resistor. Data transfer is initiated only when the bus is not busy.
8.1.1 Bit transfer
One data bit is transferred during each clock pulse. The data on the SDA line must remain stable during the HIGH period of the clock pulse. Changes in the data line at this time will be interpreted as a control signal. Bit transfer is illustrated in Figure 12.
SDA
SCL data line stable; data valid change of data allowed
mba607
Fig 12. Bit transfer
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8.1.1.1
START and STOP conditions Both data and clock lines remain HIGH when the bus is not busy. A HIGH-to-LOW change of the data line, while the clock is HIGH, is defined as the START condition (S). A LOW-to-HIGH change of the data line, while the clock is HIGH, is defined as the STOP condition (P). The START and STOP conditions are illustrated in Figure 13.
SDA
SDA
SCL S START condition P STOP condition
SCL
mbc622
Fig 13. Definition of START and STOP conditions
8.1.2 System configuration
A device generating a message is a transmitter and a device receiving a message is the receiver. The device that controls the message is the master and the devices which are controlled by the master are the slaves. The system configuration is illustrated in Figure 14.
MASTER TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER SDA SCL
SLAVE RECEIVER
SLAVE TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER
MASTER TRANSMITTER
MASTER TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER
mga807
Fig 14. System configuration
8.1.3 Acknowledge
The number of data bytes transferred between the START and STOP conditions from transmitter to receiver is unlimited. Each byte of eight bits is followed by an acknowledge bit. The acknowledge bit is a HIGH level signal put on the bus by the transmitter during which time the master generates an extra acknowledge related clock pulse. (See Figure 15). Acknowledgement on the I2C-bus is illustrated in
* A slave receiver which is addressed must generate an acknowledge after the
reception of each byte.
* A master receiver must generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte that
has been clocked out of the slave transmitter.
* The device that acknowledges must pull-down the SDA line during the acknowledge
clock pulse, so that the SDA line is stable LOW during the HIGH period of the acknowledge related clock pulse (set-up and hold times must be taken into consideration).
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* A master receiver must signal an end-of-data to the transmitter by not generating an
acknowledge on the last byte that has been clocked out of the slave. In this event, the master receiver must leave the data line HIGH during the 9th pulse to not acknowledge. The master will now generate a STOP condition.
data output by transmitter not acknowledge data output by receiver acknowledge SCL from master S START condition clock pulse for acknowledgement
mbc602
1
2
8
9
Fig 15. Acknowledgement on the I2C-bus
8.1.4 PCF8566 I2C-bus controller
The PCF8566 acts as an I2C-bus slave receiver. It does not initiate I2C-bus transfers or transmit data to an I2C-bus master receiver. The only data output from the PCF8566 are the acknowledge signals of the selected devices. Device selection depends on the I2C-bus slave address, the transferred command data and the hardware subaddress. In single device application, the hardware subaddress inputs A0, A1 and A2 are normally tied to VSS which defines the hardware subaddress 0. In multiple device applications A0, A1 and A2 are tied to VSS or VDD using a binary coding scheme so that no two devices with a common I2C-bus slave address have the same hardware subaddress. In the power-saving mode it is possible that the PCF8566 is not able to keep up with the highest transmission rates when large amounts of display data are transmitted. If this situation occurs, the PCF8566 forces the SCL line LOW until its internal operations are completed. This is known as the clock synchronization feature of the I2C-bus and serves to slow down fast transmitters. Data loss does not occur.
8.1.5 Input filter
To enhance noise immunity in electrically adverse environments, RC low-pass filters are provided on the SDA and SCL lines.
8.2 I2C-bus protocol
Two I2C-bus 7 bit slave addresses (0111 110 and 0111 111) are reserved for the PCF8566. The least significant bit after the slave address is bit R/W. The PCF8566 is a write-only device. It will not respond to a read access, so this bit should always be logic 0. The second bit of the slave address is defined by the level tied at input SA0.
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Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
R/W slave address S 011111A0 0 1 byte
001aai455
Fig 16. Slave address structure
Two displays controlled by PCF8566 can be recognized on the same I2C-bus which allows:
* Up to 16 PCF8566s on the same I2C-bus for very large LCD applications (see
Section 13)
* The use of two types of LCD multiplex on the same I2C-bus
The I2C-bus protocol is shown in Figure 17. The sequence is initiated with a START condition (S) from the I2C-bus master which is followed by one of the PCF8566 slave addresses. All PCF8566s with the same SA0 level acknowledge in parallel to the slave address. All PCF8566s with the alternative SA0 level ignore the whole I2C-bus transfer. After acknowledgement, one or more command bytes (m) follow which define the status of the addressed PCF8566s. The last command byte is tagged with a cleared most significant bit, the continuation bit C. The command bytes are also acknowledged by all addressed PCF8566s on the bus. After the last command byte, a series of display data bytes (n) may follow. These display bytes are stored in the display RAM at the address specified by the data pointer and the subaddress counter. Both data pointer and subaddress counter are automatically updated and the data is directed to the intended PCF8566 device. The acknowledgement after each byte is made only by the (A0, A1 and A2) addressed PCF8566. After the last display byte, the I2C-bus master issues a STOP condition (P).
R/W slave address S 0 1 1 1 1 1A 0AC 0 1 byte
acknowledge by all addressed PCF8566s
acknowledge by A0, A1 and A2 selected PCF8566 only
S
COMMAND
A
DISPLAY DATA
A
P
m 1 byte(s)
n > 0 byte(s) update data pointers and if necessary, subaddress counter
mgg390
Fig 17. I2C-bus protocol
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8.3 Command decoder
The command decoder identifies command bytes that arrive on the I2C-bus. All available commands carry a continuation bit C in their most significant bit position as shown in Figure 18. When this bit is set, it indicates that the next byte of the transfer to arrive will also represent a command. If this bit is reset, it indicates that the command byte is the last in the transfer. Further bytes will be regarded as display data. The five commands available to the PCF8566 are defined in Table 8.
MSB C REST OF OPCODE
LSB
msa833
(1) C = 0; last command. (2) C = 1; commands continue.
Fig 18. General format of byte command Table 8. Command Mode set Definition of PCF8566 commands Opcode Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 C 1 0 LP E B M1 M0 Section 8.3.1 defines LCD drive mode, LCD bias configuration, display status and power dissipation mode Section 8.3.2 data pointer to define one of 24 display RAM addresses Section 8.3.3 define one of eight hardware subaddresses Section 8.3.4 bit I: defines input bank selection (storage of arriving display data); bit O: defines output bank selection (retrieval of LCD display data) Section 8.3.5 defines the blink frequency and blink mode Reference Description
Load data pointer Device select Bank select
C C C
0 1 1
0 1 1
P4 0 1
P3 0 1
P2 A2 0
P1 A1 I
P0 A0 O
Blink
C
1
1
1
0
A
BF1
BF0
8.3.1 Mode set command
Table 9. LCD drive mode command bit description Bit Backplane BP0 BP0, BP1 BP0, BP1. BP2 BP0, BP1. BP2, BP3 M1 0 1 1 0 M0 1 0 1 0 LCD drive mode Drive mode static 1:2 1:3 1:4
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LCD bias configuration command bit description Bit B 0 1 Display status command bit description[1] Bit E 0 1
Table 10. LCD bias
1 3 1 2
bias bias
Table 11.
Display status disabled (blank) enabled
[1]
The possibility to disable the display allows implementation of blinking under external control.
Table 12.
Power dissipation mode command bit description Bit LP 0 1
Display status normal mode power saving mode
8.3.2 Load data pointer command
Table 13. Load data pointer command bit description Bit P4 P3 P2 P1 P0 Description 5 bit binary value, 0 to 23
8.3.3 Device select command
Table 14. Device select command bit description Bit A2 A1 A0 Description 3 bit binary value, 0 to 7
8.3.4 Bank select command
Table 15. Bank Input bank RAM bit 0 RAM bit 2 Output bank RAM bit 0 RAM bit 2
[1]
Bank select command[1] Mode Static 1:2 MUX RAM bits 0 and 1 RAM bits 2 and 3 RAM bits 0 and 1 RAM bits 2 and 3 O I 0 1 0 1 Bit Value
The bank select command has no effect in 1:3 or 1:4 multiplex drive modes.
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8.3.5 Blink command
Table 16. Blink frequency command bit description Bit BF1 off 1 2 3 Table 17. 0 0 1 1 Blink mode command bit description Bit A 0 1 BF0 0 1 0 1 Blink frequency
Blink mode Normal blinking Alternate RAM bank blinking
8.4 Display controller
The display controller executes the commands identified by the command decoder. It contains the status registers of the PCF8566 and coordinates their effects. The controller also loads display data into the display RAM as required by the storage order.
9. Internal circuitry
VLCD
VSS SDA, SCL, SYNC, CLK, OSC, A0 to A2, SA0 VDD BP0 to BP3, S0 to S23
001aai456
Fig 19. Device protection diagram
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10. Limiting values
CAUTION Static voltages across the liquid crystal display can build up when the LCD supply voltage (VLCD) is on while the IC supply voltage (VDD) is off, or vice versa. This may cause unwanted display artifacts. To avoid such artifacts, VLCD and VDD must be applied or removed together.
Table 18. Limiting values In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Symbol VDD VLCD VI Parameter supply voltage LCD supply voltage input voltage on each of the pins SCL, SDA, A0 to A2, OSC, CLK, SYNC and SA0 on each of the pins S0 to S23 and BP0 to BP3
[1] [1]
Conditions
Min -0.5 -0.5 -0.5
Max 7.0 7.0 7.0
Unit V V V
VO II IO IDD ISS IDD(LCD) Ptot Po Tstg Vesd Ilu
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
output voltage input current output current supply current ground supply current LCD supply current total power dissipation output power storage temperature electrostatic discharge voltage latch-up current
Values with respect to VDD.
-0.5 -20 -25 -50 -50 -50
7.0 +20 +25 +50 +50 +50 400 100 +150 2000 200 100
V mA mA mA mA mA mW mW C V V mA
per package
[2]
-65 -
HBM MM
[3] [4] [5]
According to the NXP store and transport conditions (document SNW-SQ-623) the devices have to be stored at a temperature of +5 C to +45 C and a humidity of 25 % to 75 %. Pass level; Human Body Model (HBM) according to JESD22-A114. Pass level; Machine Model (MM), according to JESD22-A115. Pass level; latch-up testing, according to JESD78.
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11. Static characteristics
Table 19. Static characteristics VSS = 0 V; VDD = 2.5 V to 6.0 V; VLCD = VDD - 2.5 V to VDD - 6.0 V; Tamb = -40 C to +85 C; unless otherwise specified. Symbol Supplies VDD VLCD IDD IDD(lp) supply voltage LCD supply voltage supply current: low-power mode supply current fclk = 200 kHz VDD = 3.5 V; VLCD = 0 V; fclk = 35 kHz; A0 to A2 tied to VSS
[1] [1]
Parameter
Conditions
Min 2.5 VDD - 6.0 -
Typ 30 15
Max 6.0 VDD - 2.5 90 40
Unit V V A A
Logic Vi VIL VIH IOL input voltage LOW-level input voltage HIGH-level input voltage LOW-level output current on pins CLK and SYNC; VOL = 1.0 V; VDD = 5.0 V on pins SA0, CLK, OSC, A0 to A2; VI = VDD or VSS VOH = 4.0 V; VDD = 5.0 V on pins OSC and A0 to A2; VI = 1.0 V; VDD = 5.0 V on pin SYNC
[2] [3]
VSS - 0.5 VSS 0.7VDD -1
-
VDD + 0.5 0.3VDD VDD -
V V V mA
IL
leakage current
-1
-
+1
A
IOH(CLK) Ipd
HIGH-level output current on pin CLK pull-down current
15
50
+1 150
mA A
RPU VPOR CI I2C-bus; Vi VIL VIH IL IOL CI tw(spike)
pull-up resistance power-on reset voltage input capacitance pins SDA and SCL input voltage LOW-level input voltage HIGH-level input voltage leakage current LOW-level output current input capacitance spike pulse width
15 VSS - 0.5 VSS 0.7VDD
25 1.3 0 -
60 2 7 6 0.3VDD 6 +1 7 100
k V pF V V V A mA pF ns
VI = VDD or VSS VOL = 0.4 V; VDD = 5.0 V
[3]
-1 -3 -
on bus
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Table 19. Static characteristics ...continued VSS = 0 V; VDD = 2.5 V to 6.0 V; VLCD = VDD - 2.5 V to VDD - 6.0 V; Tamb = -40 C to +85 C; unless otherwise specified. Symbol LCD outputs VBP VS Zo voltage on pin BP voltage on pin S output impedance BP0 to BP3; Cbpl = 35 nF S0 to S23; Csgm = 5 nF on pin BP0 to BP3; VLCD = VDD - 5 V on pin S0 to S23; VLCD = VDD - 5 V
[1] [2] [3] [4]
[4]
Parameter
Conditions
Min -
Typ 20 20 1 3
Max 5 7
Unit mV mV k k
[4]
Outputs open; inputs at VSS or VDD; external clock with 50 % duty factor; I2C-bus inactive. Resets all logic when VDD < VPOR. Periodically sampled, not 100 % tested. Outputs measured one at a time.
11.1 Typical supply current characteristics
mgg397 mgg398
40 IDD (A) 30 -40 C
24 IDD (A)
-40 C
16 +85 C 20 +85 C
8 10
0 0 2 4 6 VDD (V) 8
0 0 2 4 6 VDD (V) 8
VLCD = 0 V; fclk(ext) = 200 kHz.
VLCD = 0 V; fclk(ext) = 35 kHz.
Fig 20. Normal mode
Fig 21. Low power mode
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Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
11.2 Typical LCD output characteristics
mgg399 mgg400
6 RBP (k)
12
RS (k)
4
8
-40 C
2
4
+25 C +85 C
0 0 2 4 6 VDD (V) 8
0 0 2 4 6
VDD (V)
8
VDD = 5 V; Tamb = -40 C to +85 C.
VDD = 5 V.
Fig 22. Backplane output impedance BP0 to BP3 (RBP)
Fig 23. Segment output impedance S0 to S23 (RS)
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12. Dynamic characteristics
Table 20. Dynamic characteristics VSS = 0 V; VDD = 2.5 V to 6.0 V; VLCD = VDD - 2.5 V to VDD - 6.0 V; Tamb = -40 C to +85 C; unless otherwise specified. [1] Symbol Clock fclk clock frequency normal mode; VDD = 5 V power saving mode; VDD = 3.5 V tclk(H) tclk(L) tPD(SYNC_N) tSYNC_NL tPD(drv) I2C-bus tBUF tHD;STA tLOW tHIGH tSU;STA tHD;DAT tSU;DAT tr tf tSU;STO
[1] [2]
[2]
Parameter
Conditions
Min 125 21 1 1 1
Typ 200 31 -
Max 315 48 400 30
Unit kHz kHz s s ns s s
HIGH-level clock time LOW-level clock time SYNC propagation delay SYNC LOW time driver propagation delay with test loads; VLCD = VDD - 5 V
-
bus free time between a STOP and START condition hold time (repeated) START condition low period of the SCL clock high period of the SCL clock set-up time for a repeated START condition data hold time data set-up time rise time of both SDA and SCL signals fall time of both SDA and SCL signals set-up time for STOP condition
4.7 4.0 4.7 4.0 4.7 0 250 4.7
-
1.0 300 -
s s s s s ns ns s ns s
All timing values referred to VIH and VIL levels with an input voltage swing of VSS to VDD. At fclk < 125 kHz, I2C-bus maximum transmission speed is derated.
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Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
1
fclk
tclk(H) tclk(L) 0.7VDD CLK 0.3VDD
0.7VDD SYNC 0.3VDD tPD(SYNC_N) tSYNC_NL 0.5 V BP0 to BP3 S0 to S23 (VDD = 5 V) 0.5 V tPD(drv)
mgg391
Fig 24. Driver timing waveforms
SDA
tBUF
tLOW
tf
SCL
tHD;STA
tr
tHD;DAT
tHIGH
tSU;DAT
SDA
tSU;STA tSU;STO
mga728
Fig 25. I2C-bus timing waveforms
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Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
13. Application information
13.1 Cascaded operation
Large display configurations of up to sixteen PCF8566s can be recognized on the same I2C-bus by using the 3-bit hardware subaddress (A0, A1 and A2) and the programmable I2C-bus slave address (SA0).
Table 21. Cluster 1 Addressing cascaded PCF8566 Bit SA0 0 Pin A2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Pin A1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Pin A0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Device 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Cascaded PCF8566s are synchronized. They can share the backplane signals from one of the devices in the cascade. Such an arrangement is cost-effective in large LCD applications since the backplane outputs of only one device need to be through-plated to the backplane electrodes of the display. The other PCF8566s of the cascade contribute additional segment outputs but their backplane outputs are left open-circuit (see Figure 26).
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Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
VDD 5 SDA 1 SCL 2 SYNC CLK 3
VLCD 12 17 to 40
24 segment drives
PCF8566
13 to 16 8 A0 A1 9 A2 10 11 BP0 to BP3 (open-circuit)
LCD PANEL (up to 1536 elements)
4 OSC 6 7
SA0 VSS
VLCD VDD R
trise 2 Cbus
5 SDA SCL SYNC CLK OSC 1 2 3 4 6 7 A0
VDD
VLCD 12 17 to 40
24 segment drives
HOST MICROPROCESSOR/ MICROCONTROLLER
PCF8566
13 to 16 8 A1 9 A2 10 11
4 backplanes
BP0 to BP3
mgg384
SA0 VSS
VSS
Fig 26. Cascaded PCF8566 configuration
The SYNC line is provided to maintain the correct synchronization between all cascaded PCF8566s. This synchronization is guaranteed after the power-on reset. The only time that SYNC is likely to be needed is if synchronization is accidentally lost (e.g. by noise in adverse electrical environments or by defining a multiplex mode when PCF8566s with differing SA0 levels are cascaded). SYNC is organized as an input/output pin; the output selection being realized as an open-drain driver with an internal pull-up resistor. A PCF8566 asserts the SYNC line at the onset of its last active backplane signal and monitors the SYNC line at all other times. If synchronization in the cascade is lost, it is restored by the first PCF8566 to assert SYNC. The timing relationship between the backplane waveforms and the SYNC signal for the various drive modes of the PCF8566 are shown in Figure 27.
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Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
Tfr =
1 ffr
BP0
SYNC
(a) static drive mode.
BP0 (1/2 bias)
BP0 (1/3 bias)
SYNC
(b) 1:2 multiplex drive mode.
BP0 (1/3 bias)
SYNC
(c) 1:3 multiplex drive mode.
BP0 (1/3 bias)
SYNC
(d) 1:4 multiplex drive mode.
mgl755
Fig 27. Synchronization of the cascade for the various PCF8566 drive modes
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Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
Single plane wiring of packaged PCF8566s is illustrated in Figure 28.
SDA SCL SYNC CLK VDD VSS VLCD SDA SCL SYNC CLK VDD OSC A0 A1 A2 SA0 VSS VLCD BP0 BP2 BP1 BP3 S0 S1 S2 S3 S0 BACKPLANES
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28
S23 S22 S21 S20 S19 S18 S17 S16 S15 S14 S13 S12 S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S23 SEGMENTS S24 open-circuit BP0 BP2 BP1 BP3 S24 S25 S26 S27
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28
S47 S46 S45 S44 S43 S42 S41 S40 S39 S38 S37 S36 S35 S34 S33 S32 S31 S30 S29 S28 S47
mgg386
PCF8566
27 26 25 24 23 22 21
PCF8566
27 26 25 24 23 22 21
Fig 28. Single plane wiring of packaged PCF8566s
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Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
14. Package outline
DIP40: plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads (600 mil) SOT129-1
seating plane
D
ME
A2
A
L
A1 c Z e b1 b 40 21 MH wM (e 1)
pin 1 index E
1
20
0
5 scale
10 mm
DIMENSIONS (inch dimensions are derived from the original mm dimensions) UNIT mm inches A max. 4.7 0.19 A1 min. 0.51 0.02 A2 max. 4 0.16 b 1.70 1.14 0.067 0.045 b1 0.53 0.38 0.021 0.015 c 0.36 0.23 0.014 0.009 D
(1)
E
(1)
e 2.54 0.1
e1 15.24 0.6
L 3.60 3.05 0.14 0.12
ME 15.80 15.24 0.62 0.60
MH 17.42 15.90 0.69 0.63
w 0.254 0.01
Z (1) max. 2.25 0.089
52.5 51.5 2.067 2.028
14.1 13.7 0.56 0.54
Note 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) maximum per side are not included. OUTLINE VERSION SOT129-1 REFERENCES IEC 051G08 JEDEC MO-015 JEITA SC-511-40 EUROPEAN PROJECTION
ISSUE DATE 99-12-27 03-02-13
Fig 29. Package outline SOT129-1 (DIP40)
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Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
VSO40: plastic very small outline package; 40 leads
SOT158-1
D
E
A X
c y HE vMA
Z 40 21
Q A2 A1 pin 1 index Lp L 1 e bp 20 wM detail X (A 3) A
0
5 scale
10 mm
DIMENSIONS (inch dimensions are derived from the original mm dimensions) UNIT mm inches Notes 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.4 mm (0.016 inch) maximum per side are not included. 2. Plastic interlead protrusions of 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) maximum per side are not included. OUTLINE VERSION SOT158-1 REFERENCES IEC JEDEC JEITA EUROPEAN PROJECTION A max. 2.7 0.11 A1 0.3 0.1 A2 2.45 2.25 A3 0.25 0.01 bp 0.42 0.30 c 0.22 0.14 D (1) 15.6 15.2 E (2) 7.6 7.5 0.30 0.29 e 0.762 0.03 HE 12.3 11.8 0.48 0.46 L 2.25 0.089 Lp 1.7 1.5 0.067 0.059 Q 1.15 1.05 v 0.2 w 0.1 y 0.1 Z (1) 0.6 0.3
0.012 0.096 0.004 0.089
0.017 0.0087 0.61 0.012 0.0055 0.60
0.045 0.024 0.008 0.004 0.004 0.041 0.012
7 o 0
o
ISSUE DATE 95-01-24 03-02-19
Fig 30. Package outline SOT158-1 (VSO40)
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Product data sheet
Rev. 07 -- 25 February 2009
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NXP Semiconductors
PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
15. Bare die outline
Wire bond die; 40 bonding pads; 2.5 x 2.91 x 0.381 mm PCF8566U
D e A
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
F
x
34 35
36
37
38
39
40
DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions) UNIT mm max nom min A 0.406 0.381 0.356 D 2.5 E 2.91 e 0.548 0.200 0.018 P1(1) 0.12 P2(2) 0.106 P3(1) 0.12 P4(2) 0.106
Notes 1. Pad size 2. Passivation opening OUTLINE VERSION PCF8566U REFERENCES IEC JEDEC JEITA EUROPEAN PROJECTION ISSUE DATE 08-06-19 08-09-03
Fig 31. Bare die outline PCF8566U
PCF8566_7 (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
PC8566-1 0 0 y
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
C1
15
e
14 13 12
11 10 9 8
E
C2
7 6
P4
P3
P2
1 2 3 4 5
P1 X detail X
0
0.5 scale
1 mm
Rev. 07 -- 25 February 2009
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NXP Semiconductors
PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
Table 22. Bonding pad description All x/y coordinates represent the position of the center of each pad with respect to the center (x/y = 0) of the chip (see Figure 31). Symbol SDA SCL SYNC CLK VDD OSC A0 A1 A2 SA0 VSS VLCD BP0 BP2 BP1 BP3 S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16 S17 S18 S19 S20 Pad 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 X (m) 200 400 604 856 1062 1080 1080 1080 1080 1080 1080 1080 1080 1080 1080 1074 874 674 474 274 -274 -474 -674 -874 -1074 -1080 -1080 -1080 -1080 -1080 -1080 -1080 -1080 -1080 -1080 -1056 -830 Y (m) -1235 -1235 -1235 -1235 -1235 -1235 -825 -625 -425 -225 -25 347 547 747 947 1235 1235 1235 1235 1235 1235 1235 1235 1235 1235 765 565 365 165 -35 -235 -435 -635 -835 -1035 -1235 -1235 LCD segment output I2C-bus slave address bit 0 input logic ground LCD supply voltage LCD backplane output Description I2C-bus data input / output I2C-bus clock input / output cascade synchronization input / output external clock input / output supply voltage oscillator select I2C-bus subaddress input
PCF8566_7
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Product data sheet
Rev. 07 -- 25 February 2009
40 of 48
NXP Semiconductors
PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
Table 22. Bonding pad description ...continued All x/y coordinates represent the position of the center of each pad with respect to the center (x/y = 0) of the chip (see Figure 31). Symbol S21 S22 S23 Pad 38 39 40 X (m) -630 -430 -230 Y (m) -1235 -1235 -1235 Description
REF
C1
REF
F
REF
C2
001aai300
Fig 32. Alignment marks Table 23. Symbol C1 C2 F Alignment marks X (m) 1100 325 -790 Y (m) 1090 -625 700
16. Handling information
All input and output pins are protected against ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD) under normal handling. When handling Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) devices ensure that all normal precautions are taken as described in JESD625-A, IEC 61340-5 or equivalent standards.
17. Packing information
Tray information for the PCF8566U is shown in Figure 33, Figure 35 and Table 24.
PCF8566_7
(c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
Rev. 07 -- 25 February 2009
41 of 48
NXP Semiconductors
PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
G
A
C
H D
B
F
E
001aai237
Fig 33. Tray details
marking code
001aaj619
Fig 34. Tray alignment Table 24. Symbol A B C D
PCF8566_7
Tray dimensions Description pocket pitch; x direction pocket pitch; y direction pocket width; x direction pocket width; y direction Value 4.43 mm 4.43 mm 3.04 mm 3.04 mm
(c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
Rev. 07 -- 25 February 2009
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NXP Semiconductors
PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
Tray dimensions ...continued Description tray width; x direction tray width; y direction cut corner to pocket 1,1 center cut corner to pocket 1,1 center number of pockets; x direction number of pockets; y direction Value 50.8 mm 50.8 mm 5.47 mm 5.47 mm 10 10
Table 24. Symbol E F G H x y
18. Soldering of SMD packages
This text provides a very brief insight into a complex technology. A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be found in Application Note AN10365 "Surface mount reflow soldering description".
18.1 Introduction to soldering
Soldering is one of the most common methods through which packages are attached to Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), to form electrical circuits. The soldered joint provides both the mechanical and the electrical connection. There is no single soldering method that is ideal for all IC packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when through-hole and Surface Mount Devices (SMDs) are mixed on one printed wiring board; however, it is not suitable for fine pitch SMDs. Reflow soldering is ideal for the small pitches and high densities that come with increased miniaturization.
18.2 Wave and reflow soldering
Wave soldering is a joining technology in which the joints are made by solder coming from a standing wave of liquid solder. The wave soldering process is suitable for the following:
* Through-hole components * Leaded or leadless SMDs, which are glued to the surface of the printed circuit board
Not all SMDs can be wave soldered. Packages with solder balls, and some leadless packages which have solder lands underneath the body, cannot be wave soldered. Also, leaded SMDs with leads having a pitch smaller than ~0.6 mm cannot be wave soldered, due to an increased probability of bridging. The reflow soldering process involves applying solder paste to a board, followed by component placement and exposure to a temperature profile. Leaded packages, packages with solder balls, and leadless packages are all reflow solderable. Key characteristics in both wave and reflow soldering are:
* * * * *
PCF8566_7
Board specifications, including the board finish, solder masks and vias Package footprints, including solder thieves and orientation The moisture sensitivity level of the packages Package placement Inspection and repair
(c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
Rev. 07 -- 25 February 2009
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NXP Semiconductors
PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
* Lead-free soldering versus SnPb soldering 18.3 Wave soldering
Key characteristics in wave soldering are:
* Process issues, such as application of adhesive and flux, clinching of leads, board
transport, the solder wave parameters, and the time during which components are exposed to the wave
* Solder bath specifications, including temperature and impurities 18.4 Reflow soldering
Key characteristics in reflow soldering are:
* Lead-free versus SnPb soldering; note that a lead-free reflow process usually leads to
higher minimum peak temperatures (see Figure 35) than a SnPb process, thus reducing the process window
* Solder paste printing issues including smearing, release, and adjusting the process
window for a mix of large and small components on one board
* Reflow temperature profile; this profile includes preheat, reflow (in which the board is
heated to the peak temperature) and cooling down. It is imperative that the peak temperature is high enough for the solder to make reliable solder joints (a solder paste characteristic). In addition, the peak temperature must be low enough that the packages and/or boards are not damaged. The peak temperature of the package depends on package thickness and volume and is classified in accordance with Table 25 and 26
Table 25. SnPb eutectic process (from J-STD-020C) Package reflow temperature (C) Volume (mm3) < 350 < 2.5 2.5 Table 26. 235 220 Lead-free process (from J-STD-020C) Package reflow temperature (C) Volume (mm3) < 350 < 1.6 1.6 to 2.5 > 2.5 260 260 250 350 to 2000 260 250 245 > 2000 260 245 245 350 220 220
Package thickness (mm)
Package thickness (mm)
Moisture sensitivity precautions, as indicated on the packing, must be respected at all times. Studies have shown that small packages reach higher temperatures during reflow soldering, see Figure 35.
PCF8566_7
(c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
Rev. 07 -- 25 February 2009
44 of 48
NXP Semiconductors
PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
temperature
maximum peak temperature = MSL limit, damage level
minimum peak temperature = minimum soldering temperature
peak temperature
time
001aac844
MSL: Moisture Sensitivity Level
Fig 35. Temperature profiles for large and small components
For further information on temperature profiles, refer to Application Note AN10365 "Surface mount reflow soldering description".
19. Abbreviations
Table 27. Acronym CMOS DC HBM I2C IC LCD MM MSL POR RC RAM RMS SMD TTL Abbreviations Description Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Direct Current Human Body Model Inter-Integrated Circuit Integrated Circuit Liquid Crystal Display Machine Model Moisture Sensitivity Level Power-On Reset Resistance and Capacitance Random Access Memory Root Mean Square Surface Mount Device Transistor-Transistor Logic
PCF8566_7
(c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
Rev. 07 -- 25 February 2009
45 of 48
NXP Semiconductors
PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
20. Revision history
Table 28. Revision history Release date 20090225 Data sheet status Product data sheet Change notice Supersedes PCF8566_6 Document ID PCF8566_7 Modifications:
* * * * * * *
The format of this data sheet has been redesigned to comply with the new identity guidelines of NXP Semiconductors. Legal texts have been adapted to the new company name where appropriate. Added U and TS type Added tray information Changed values in limiting values table from relative to absolute values Changed letter symbols to NXP approved symbols Rewritten chapter 7.3 Product specification Product specification Product specification Product specification PCF8566_5 PCF8566_4 PCF8566_3 PCF8566_2
PCF8566_6 PCF8566_5 PCF8566_4 PCF8566_3
19980504 19970402 19961203 19961029
PCF8566_7
(c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
Rev. 07 -- 25 February 2009
46 of 48
NXP Semiconductors
PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
21. Legal information
21.1 Data sheet status
Document status[1][2] Objective [short] data sheet Preliminary [short] data sheet Product [short] data sheet
[1] [2] [3]
Product status[3] Development Qualification Production
Definition This document contains data from the objective specification for product development. This document contains data from the preliminary specification. This document contains the product specification.
Please consult the most recently issued document before initiating or completing a design. The term `short data sheet' is explained in section "Definitions". The product status of device(s) described in this document may have changed since this document was published and may differ in case of multiple devices. The latest product status information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.nxp.com.
21.2 Definitions
Draft -- The document is a draft version only. The content is still under internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in modifications or additions. NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Short data sheet -- A short data sheet is an extract from a full data sheet with the same product type number(s) and title. A short data sheet is intended for quick reference only and should not be relied upon to contain detailed and full information. For detailed and full information see the relevant full data sheet, which is available on request via the local NXP Semiconductors sales office. In case of any inconsistency or conflict with the short data sheet, the full data sheet shall prevail.
transportation conditions. If there are data sheet limits not guaranteed, these will be separately indicated in the data sheet. There are no post-packing tests performed on individual die or wafers. NXP Semiconductors has no control of third party procedures in the sawing, handling, packing or assembly of the die. Accordingly, NXP Semiconductors assumes no liability for device functionality or performance of the die or systems after third party sawing, handling, packing or assembly of the die. It is the responsibility of the customer to test and qualify their application in which the die is used. All die sales are conditioned upon and subject to the customer entering into a written die sale agreement with NXP Semiconductors through its legal department. Applications -- Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. Limiting values -- Stress above one or more limiting values (as defined in the Absolute Maximum Ratings System of IEC 60134) may cause permanent damage to the device. Limiting values are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of this document is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Terms and conditions of sale -- NXP Semiconductors products are sold subject to the general terms and conditions of commercial sale, as published at http://www.nxp.com/profile/terms, including those pertaining to warranty, intellectual property rights infringement and limitation of liability, unless explicitly otherwise agreed to in writing by NXP Semiconductors. In case of any inconsistency or conflict between information in this document and such terms and conditions, the latter will prevail. No offer to sell or license -- Nothing in this document may be interpreted or construed as an offer to sell products that is open for acceptance or the grant, conveyance or implication of any license under any copyrights, patents or other industrial or intellectual property rights.
21.3 Disclaimers
General -- Information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Right to make changes -- NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes to information published in this document, including without limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to the publication hereof. Suitability for use -- NXP Semiconductors products are not designed, authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in medical, military, aircraft, space or life support equipment, nor in applications where failure or malfunction of an NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental damage. NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customer's own risk. Bare die -- All die are tested on compliance with their related technical specifications as stated in this data sheet up to the point of wafer sawing and are handled in accordance with the NXP Semiconductors storage and
21.4 Trademarks
Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. I2C-bus -- logo is a trademark of NXP B.V.
22. Contact information
For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: salesaddresses@nxp.com
PCF8566_7
(c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved.
Product data sheet
Rev. 07 -- 25 February 2009
47 of 48
NXP Semiconductors
PCF8566
Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates
23. Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 6.1 6.2 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.4.4 7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 8 8.1 8.1.1 8.1.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.1.5 8.2 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.3.5 General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Pinning information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Pinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Power-on reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 LCD bias generator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 LCD voltage selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 LCD drive mode waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Static drive mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1:2 Multiplex drive mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1:3 Multiplex drive mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1:4 multiplex drive mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Oscillator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Internal clock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 External clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Display register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Shift register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Segment outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Backplane outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Display RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Data pointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Sub-address counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Output bank selector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Input bank selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Blinker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Basic architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Characteristics of the I2C-bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Bit transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 START and STOP conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 System configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Acknowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 PCF8566 I2C-bus controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Input filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 I2C-bus protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Command decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Mode set command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Load data pointer command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Device select command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Bank select command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Blink command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8.4 9 10 11 11.1 11.2 12 13 13.1 14 15 16 17 18 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 19 20 21 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 22 23 Display controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internal circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limiting values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Static characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Typical supply current characteristics. . . . . . . Typical LCD output characteristics . . . . . . . . . Dynamic characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cascaded operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bare die outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Handling information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soldering of SMD packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction to soldering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wave and reflow soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wave soldering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reflow soldering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data sheet status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disclaimers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contact information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 33 37 39 41 41 43 43 43 44 44 45 46 47 47 47 47 47 47 48
Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s) described herein, have been included in section `Legal information'.
(c) NXP B.V. 2009.
All rights reserved.
For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: salesaddresses@nxp.com Date of release: 25 February 2009 Document identifier: PCF8566_7

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